It is estimated that one in five dogs over the age of seven is affected by arthritis. Arthritis is a general term for abnormal joint changes or growth, and can be caused by immune disorders, infections, congenital malformations, or stress and trauma. Since our pets cannot tell us when they are hurting or why, arthritis in dogs can go undetected for long periods, causing unnecessary discomfort. Be aware of the symptoms of arthritis and seek a veterinarian’s help to diagnose and treat your dog if you suspect arthritis.
Signs and symptoms of arthritis are often subtle in the early stages. Increased weight gain, sleepiness, lethargy, lack of interest in playtime, or changes in attitude can signal a problem. As the dog’s joints begin to ache from arthritis, they may be more inclined to remain stationary. You may also notice a cautiousness when the dog is climbing stairs or trying to jump onto the couch. Once the dog starts limping or favoring a particular area, arthritis has progressed to a more severe stage.
Causes of Arthritis in Dogs
Arthritis can be caused by various factors, ranging from congenital defects, such as hip dysplasia, to infections or trauma. In hip dysplasia, there is a misalignment within the coxofemoral joint (the area between the back upper leg and pubic bones). Because the bones are misaligned, the cartilage in the joint erodes faster than the body can regenerate it. The bony layer beneath the cartilage becomes exposed and inflamed as the dog moves. This inflammation causes the joint capsule to thicken, making it more sensitive and less elastic. The elastic tissues within the joint stiffen, calcium deposits build up, and nerve endings in the joint send pain signals to the brain. This pain results in restricted movement, discomfort, and reduced use of the joint.
Increased body weight caused by arthritis can actually exacerbate the condition. More stress is placed on the arthritic joint as the dog gains weight, causing even more pain and discomfort when the dog moves. Keeping excess weight off is crucial for managing arthritis. Reducing a dog’s weight to a healthy level will often result in noticeable improvements in their activity level. Light exercise, such as walking or swimming, helps maintain a healthy weight and improves joint mobility and flexibility. To ensure comfort for an arthritic dog, provide a warm, soft sleeping surface. Old mattresses work well, or you can find heated pet beds specifically designed for arthritic animals.
There are two main non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) commonly prescribed to arthritic dogs to relieve pain. These drugs are specifically formulated for dogs—do not give your dog ‘human’ aspirin. Joint supplements are becoming increasingly popular as many dogs suffer from arthritis. These supplements are often prescribed due to the quick positive effects they offer. Many owners combine NSAIDs with nutraceuticals, which are nutritional supplements containing chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate. These may help regenerate new tissue in the affected joints. However, because these nutraceuticals may interact with other medications, it’s important to consult your veterinarian before starting treatment.
Premium dog food brands specifically designed for arthritic dogs are available to help maintain a healthy weight and improve joint mobility. While these foods are relatively new, their effectiveness is still being evaluated. If you’re unsatisfied with treatment options, consider canine massage therapy or a joint supplement for your dog. Canine massage therapy, a relatively new treatment, uses techniques developed for equine massage and applies them to dogs. This non-invasive, natural therapy helps combat the pain and stiffness associated with arthritis, providing your pet with some relief!
Arthritis in dogs is one of the most common sources of chronic pain treated by veterinarians. A physical exam and x-ray are often enough to confirm an arthritis diagnosis, leading to treatment and an improved quality of life for your dog. Watch for symptoms, especially if your dog is over the age of seven. Exercise your dog daily, avoid overfeeding, and you will help keep them healthy for years to come.
