We all know that holly is used for Christmas decorating, but what else? Most people seem to think they know what it is but can’t identify it beyond its role as a holiday decoration. Holly has other uses besides being a festive symbol. Here are some lesser-known facts about holly.
While we are most familiar with holly leaves used in Christmas decorations, there are over 400 types of holly. Holly plants range from dwarf bushes to hedges to tall trees. They are versatile and can be found in nearly every region of the world, except for Australia and Antarctica, where extreme growing conditions are unsuitable for the plant.
Landscape Uses
The type of holly you should plant depends on your specific needs. Do you need privacy? A hedge of holly bushes will keep prying eyes out while providing a scenic screen. When trimmed in the winter, holly branches will regrow leafy and full, creating a natural barrier against noise and onlookers.
If you need shade, an English holly tree is an excellent choice. However, ensure you have enough space, as holly trees can grow quite large. Some species can reach heights between sixty and seventy feet, with branches spreading that wide. They also have an extensive root system, so be cautious when planting to avoid damaging pipes or underground lines.
Living in a northern region with long winters can be dreary. A touch of color from an evergreen holly might be just what your backyard needs. Several types of holly are deciduous and will retain their foliage throughout the winter months. The leaf colors vary from dark green to light green, with some being variegated. If you have both male and female plants, your holly bushes will produce bright red berries.
The holly most commonly associated with Christmas is the American and English holly. These plants feature dark green foliage with pointed edges, and their bright red berries contrast beautifully with the leaves, creating a stunning natural display.
Features
The most popular holly leaves have small spikes or thorns at the tips. These thorns serve a protective purpose. Songbirds hide beneath the branches for safety, and the thorns keep larger birds of prey and other predators at bay.
To produce berries, a male and female plant must be within thirty to forty feet of each other. The male will pollinate the female’s branches, causing red berries to grow each year. Without both sexes, the plants will still grow, but they won’t produce berries. Be cautious if you want berries, as they are highly toxic to humans. If you have children, the berries can cause symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting. It’s best to keep them away from play areas or delay planting both sexes until your children are older.
Special Care
Prune holly bushes in the fall or winter. Trimming the branches encourages new growth for the following spring. Cutting back old growth also promotes thicker foliage the following year. You can shape your bush by pruning its leaves and branches in the fall or spring.
Holly bushes need plenty of sunlight to thrive. They can be planted in direct, full sunlight and will grow well. However, they will only tolerate partial shade before their leaves begin to fade. They grow best in acidic, well-draining soil and can be planted as part of a landscape or as a hedge or bush.
In Decorations
Holly branches are often cut from bushes or stems and used in garlands, centerpieces, and wreaths. The foliage lasts for several weeks after being cut before it dries and loses its color. In live floral arrangements, holly will last for several weeks if watered and placed in sunlight. When using holly berries for decorating, handle them with care, as they can fall off and stain carpets. Additionally, children may be tempted to snack on them.
As a Food Source
Holly berries are a vital winter food source for our feathered friends. Songbirds and even wild turkeys will eat the berries when other food sources are scarce. The bright red color of the berries stands out against the snow, attracting many bird species. Other fruit-eating animals, such as raccoons, opossums, and mice, may also visit to feed on them.
The leaves are also consumed by herbivorous animals, especially during the winter. In some parts of the world, holly plants are a staple in the diets of wildlife. The thorns on the leaves do not harm the animals’ mouths as they chew.
