Squash is a favorite among gardeners and a delicacy for chefs. With several easy-to-grow varieties, squash is also known for its prolific output. In different parts of the world, squash is often referred to as pumpkins or marrows and is closely related to gourds, as they belong to the same plant family.
In the United States, squash is typically classified as either summer or winter squash—not based on the season in which they grow, but rather on when they’re harvested and how long they can be stored. Both types are planted in the spring and harvested through summer and early fall. Winter squash stores well into the colder months, while summer squash must be consumed or preserved shortly after harvest. Although commonly treated as a vegetable, squash is technically a fruit due to the presence of seeds inside.
Summer Squash
Summer squash varieties include pattypan, sunburst, chayote, opo, and the ever-popular zucchini, crookneck, and yellow squash. These types are perishable and are typically harvested while still immature and tender.
One advantage of summer squash is that both the seeds and skin are edible, making them easy to prepare and suitable for raw consumption. Common cooking methods include steaming, sautéing, boiling, baking, grilling, and frying. Summer squash also enhances casseroles, soups, and baked goods like breads, muffins, and cakes. It adds variety to traditional sides like potatoes and carrots, and when served raw, it makes an excellent appetizer for dips or a crunchy addition to sandwiches and salads.
Winter Squash
Winter squash may be less popular than summer varieties, but it brings delicious diversity to your diet. Popular types include acorn, banana, buttercup, butternut, and spaghetti squash. Unlike summer squash, winter varieties are harvested when fully mature and can be stored in a cool place for several months.
With hard seeds and thick skins, winter squash must be peeled and cooked before eating—it’s not suitable for raw consumption. Its natural sweetness makes it ideal for dishes seasoned with butter, cinnamon, ginger, cloves, or even brown sugar and honey. Winter squash is a staple in desserts like pies, cakes, puddings, and muffins. Spaghetti squash is particularly unique, with pasta-like strands often used as a low-carb alternative to traditional spaghetti. In addition to its culinary uses, winter squash is a popular choice for autumn decorations.
Growing and Caring for Squash
When planting squash, keep in mind that the plants require a significant amount of space due to their vining growth habit. Without proper planning, squash can easily overtake your garden. Be sure to plant them in an area with plenty of sunlight and space to sprawl. The soil should be well-drained, fertile, and enriched with organic matter.
Squash can be planted in early spring after the last frost or as late as midsummer. Whether planting seeds or transplants, ensure proper spacing. Sow at least three seeds together, spaced about three feet apart, or maintain that spacing when using transplants to give each plant room to thrive.
Caring for squash is relatively simple. Water the plants about once a week during dry periods, and keep the garden free of weeds by hoeing or hand-pulling. Keep an eye out for pests like squash bugs and vine borers—remove them manually when possible. Other common threats include aphids and cucumber beetles. If pest problems persist, consult your local garden center for advice on using appropriate insecticides.
Squash is a fantastic addition to your garden due to its ease of growth and culinary versatility. From garden to table, squash offers a delicious, nutritious ingredient with many uses—and, as a bonus, winter squash makes an excellent seasonal decoration for fall festivities.
