The Labrador is so dominant in our culture that nearly any short haired medium sized black dog is deemed a “Lab cross”. By the standard they actually are 22-1/2 to 24-1/2 inches at the shoulder, with females slightly smaller, and weigh 65-80 pounds.

This is a breed that was developed to work. The extreme variety of work they have eagerly taken on and learned is a testimony to the breeding for function. A short, dense, hard coat allows the breed to work in all types of weather. Black, yellow or chocolate is the accepted colors, with a distinct thick tail that isn’t like any other breed. The purebred labrador is a square, stocky dog that has the image of power, a dog that moves freely without being too heavy.

The typical Labrador enjoys being outside with people, and especially is drawn to water. This is instinctive as they have long been used for retreiving waterfowl for hunters, and further back than that were developed for water work.

The breed was developed for work in harsh, wet climates assisting with fishing nets on boats. Their love of water and retrieving meant they were also eager to get birds downed by hunters. The Lab of today traces back to pedigrees in 1878. The breed itself goes back further, but in their native Newfoundland they nearly became extinct due to dog taxes, quarantine laws and crossbreeding. The AKC first recognized the breed in 1917.

A relatively small section of the breed is maintained as show dogs – for those interested in the physical standard it can be found at the AKC – but for many the real value in the breed comes in their training and versatility.

The Labrador excels at a wide variety of duties and activities. A few of these include: Search and Rescue, search K-9, service dogs, seeing eye dogs, hunting dogs,carting, tracking, a wide variety of dog sports and of course family pets.

The Labrador is a friendly dog that loves people and is eager to be active. Some of the more “hyper” dogs that have been holy terrors in the home were bored – and given active jobs of search dogs became wonderful companions also. They love to play but take discipline and strict handling.

From a young age teach your Labrador not to pull on the leash – when he gets big his powerful neck can make for some uncomfortable experiences and unpleasant walks. Labs are highly intelligent, and can be quite dominant in attitude. As puppies they need structure and training as they can be incredibly destructive without it. They are lively and play hard.

Generally speaking the Lab lives 10-12 years with good care. Their negative qualities of dominance, somewhat exhuberant and active can be molded into good things.

Lab heroes are many. Jake, found wandering and injured as young adult, became a certified rescue dog, on call to respond to disasters of all kinds. From work as a certified therapy dog to working the rubble of the World Trade Center and the remains of Hurricane Katrina, Jake was an inspiration. When he died at age 12 from cancer in July 2007 it made national news.

More recently, a Labrador bit the foot of his young owner, home with a friend and sleeping in a basement bedroom, until they woke up. He is credited with saving their lives as upstairs part of the home was on fire.

A K-9 search dog was called in following a warehouse fire. It was suspected there was someone inside the building but the task was incredible, with six feet of ash. “Ruger” located the spot the remains were and confirmed a homeless man was in the building.

While detection dogs are often associated with narcotic dogs there are many other things the Labrador is trained to find. Explosives, illegal wildlife, propane leaks, accelerant (helpful in arson fires), and many other things can be taught to a search dog. Dogs have even walked the crowd at a fire and found the arsonist by alerting on the ignitable liquids present on clothing and hands but undetected by humans.

The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association uses almost exclusively Labradors and German Shepherds for their training and work. These dogs are large enough to lead but small enough to lay under the table in restaurants or in other public places. Temperament, intelligence and versatility are hallmarks of these dogs, which also are factors the Labrador has, making them ideal for the work.

There are other types of hearing dogs. Hearing and signal dogs alert the owner to a doorbell, telephone, smoke alarm and other things the person may not hear. Other dogs accompany their owners, picking up things that are dropped, opening and closing doors and if needed pulling wheelchairs.

Therapy dogs and seizure alert dogs are but two more ways these dogs serve humans. These every day heroes in many facets of service are often seen and misunderstood. They are pets but first and formost they are working dogs. Don’t pet or feed a working service dog without expressed permission.

Even the “ordinary” Labrador can easily be taught many useful tasks without being a full-fledged service dog. One helps an unsteady owner by bracing while she steadies herself after standing.

An ideal outlet for the Labrador is as a hunter, something they excel at. Swimming into the water to bring back ducks is a skill they can do, and the “soft” mouth does so without harming the feathers, skin or meat of the duck.

Because of their love of water, dogs that have access to it should be watched for water getting in the ear and causing problems. The condition of these dogs, because they are stocky anyway, should be monitored closely to keep them from being too fat or too thin.

Unfortunately, like all dogs, Labradors are susceptible to health issues. When purchasing a pup keep in mind the breed is prone to hip and elbow dysplasia, PRA and other eye disorders. Clean lines from healthy stock makes a big difference. They have a tendency to gain too much weight, something that needs closely monitored. Dwarfism, muscle myopathy and hypothyroidism also can affect the breed.

Genetic testing of the parents makes a difference as many issues are genetic. A litter of 7-8 puppies is not unusual and up to 10 is possible. For this reason be very careful when breeding and do so only to improve the breed, with a goal in mind.

Some pet food companies have a dog food formulated for the specific needs of the Labrador, marketed as a breed based food.

There are many reasons the Labrador is the #1 dog, but the myriad of tasks they do, the trainability and intelligence and their adapting to so many situations are but a few. They’re a great dog for an active family. They can easily be a seasonal hunter, a family pet and a household assistance dog.

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There are perhaps few breeds that create as much of a polar opposite of opinion as the Chihuahua. They’re four-footed saints in one camp and vicious monsters in another. The truth is, they can be either, depending on how they’re handled.

While dining in a restaurant in Jasper, Alabama, a customer watched a couple sit at the next table. The lady placed a small bag in the empty chair. As the bag moved, a long-haired Chihuahua poked its head out. Not only was this little dog completely quiet and discreet during the hour-long stay, but she was also alert to her handler’s location without moving from her spot. As dog enthusiasts do, a conversation was struck up. It was revealed that this extremely well-trained Chihuahua was, in fact, a certified service dog, complete with a vest and laminated badge. She wasn’t just a seizure-alert dog; she also served a hearing-impaired relative during the California wildfire evacuations. He couldn’t hear what she could, but she made sure he knew.

The Versatility of the Chihuahua

There are dogs featured on shows like The Dog Whisperer—allowed to get away with bad behavior—and many stories of Chihuahuas attacking dogs much larger than themselves. While this is often blamed on the breed, the issue usually lies with the owner, not the dog. Unfortunately, the dog often takes the blame.

A half-Chihuahua made news recently as she completed K9 training. Yes, “Midge” is a certified K9, despite being dwarfed by the 125-pound German Shepherds on the force. However, her job isn’t to chase down and subdue bad guys. Sheriff Dan McClelland of the Geauga County Sheriff’s Department notes that Midge can fit into small spaces and walk on things without causing the damage that larger dogs do. “Size-wise and endurance-wise, they last longer,” he says.

The Chihuahua is a member of the AKC Toy Group. It is a well-balanced dog that should not exceed 6 pounds for showing. The “apple” head is a defining trait of the breed, and there are both short-haired and long-haired versions. Chihuahuas can come in any color, either solid or splashed with white. According to the breed standard, they are alert and possess terrier-like qualities.

Historically, Chihuahuas have long been pets, and at one point, they were considered a “religious necessity.” Dogs resembling today’s Chihuahuas have been found in ruins predating 1530, and the breed’s origins can be traced back to what is now Mexico. Today’s Chihuahua is smaller, possibly due to the introduction of the Chinese Crested. First accepted by the AKC in 1904, the breed has gained much publicity and has many admirers for its trainability and positive qualities.

Among the famous Chihuahuas is “Gidget,” who was the “spokesdog” for Taco Bell. Boo Boo, a less famous Chihuahua, holds the title of the World’s Smallest Dog. At just four inches tall and 1.5 pounds, she weighed only one ounce at birth. Chihuahuas have also been featured on TV shows such as That’s So Raven, Summer Heights High, Transformers, and in movies like Legally Blonde.

Because the breed standard lists a maximum weight without a minimum weight, some breeders intentionally breed smaller Chihuahuas, calling them “teacup,” “tiny toy,” or “pocket-sized” Chihuahuas, often charging exorbitant prices for them. The Chihuahua Club of America does not recommend paying extra for these extremely small dogs, both from an honesty standpoint and a health perspective.

Due to their small size, Chihuahuas have less fat around the liver, which can lead to hypoglycemia. This is especially true for the smallest dogs, which can develop blood sugar issues that, without fast intervention, may lead to death. Stress, hunger, illness, or simply burning more energy than they consume can trigger hypoglycemia. Symptoms include tiredness, sleepiness, and, if left untreated, the dog may collapse and seize. Immediate treatment is needed—apply honey or Karo syrup to the dog’s tongue or gums. This sugar can quickly bring the dog back around, giving you valuable time before heading to the vet.

Additionally, extra Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids are recommended to help build cell membranes and support healthy fatty acid levels. A lack of these nutrients can lead to conditions like arthritis, behavioral issues, slow healing, bad odor, skin problems, fragility, heart and circulation issues, kidney or liver problems, vulnerability to infections, and reproductive challenges.

For Chihuahuas, it’s important to remember that excess fat can be dangerous. This breed tends to be easy keepers—meaning they put on weight quickly if not monitored. Overfeeding, combined with insufficient exercise, can lead to obesity, heart disease, and a shortened life span.

Tracheal collapse can be prevented by using a harness instead of a collar, and by avoiding harsh pulling on the collar if one is used. The throat is particularly fragile, and in some cases, the dog may appear to have something stuck in its throat.

Extra-small dogs, like Chihuahuas, have a higher likelihood of experiencing these issues due to their size.

Chihuahuas have also become the foundation for many “designer dogs,” often crossed with other breeds to create puppies that are sold with the illusion of being superior to purebred Chihuahuas. However, these mixed breeds are rarely health-tested, and the parents may not be of good quality. This increases the likelihood of unhealthy genetic traits being passed down.

Chihuahuas are not a high-energy breed that requires extensive exercise. With good care, they can live up to 15 years—an important consideration when adopting a puppy. The breed is generally content with toys and activities, and some may prefer the company of other Chihuahuas. Due to their small size, however, they can struggle to keep up with walkers who don’t take their stature into account.

Crate training provides your Chihuahua with a safe space and helps prevent them from getting into trouble. Due to their size, even small amounts of harmful substances—like sugar-free gum or a candy bar—can be toxic to them.

While the small size of Chihuahuas makes them well-suited to living in apartments and other small spaces, this can also be a disadvantage in certain situations. Above all, don’t adopt the mindset that “he’s just a little dog, and it’s cute when he growls.” If it wouldn’t be cute in a large breed like a Doberman, German Shepherd, or Rottweiler, it’s not funny in a Chihuahua either. There have been many reports of small, out-of-control dogs attacking much larger dogs. Some people may find it amusing until the larger dog retaliates—sometimes fatally. There is no excuse for allowing poor behavior. As demonstrated by many highly trained Chihuahuas, they are intelligent dogs eager to learn!

Give your Chihuahua the home they deserve with a commitment to not only their training but also an understanding of the unique physical issues they may face.

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So valued was this little dog historically, that they were guarded by the soldiers of the Emperors of China. One of only three breeds to receive such an honor, the Pug is Chinese in origin and dates back as far as 700 BC. While they are related to the Pekingese, they are not, as many believe, related to the bulldog.

The American Kennel Club (AKC) first recognized the Pug in 1885 after the breed was brought to the USA from England and Holland by traders. The Pug enjoyed a surge in popularity at the time, but this cooled somewhat at the turn of the century. Today, they are neither too common nor too rare—easily recognizable but without the downsides that often affect overly popular breeds.

Physical Characteristics

The Pug should have a round head and a square body. From a show perspective, this means they should not be overly leggy or too long in the body. While these Pugs still make great pets, ideally, they should be compact with well-muscled bodies weighing between 14-18 pounds—not just fat. As a toy breed, they are defined more by their compactness than by their height. Excessive size can cause them to lose the characteristic, cobby look the breed is known for.

The Pug’s head is distinctive, broad, and round when viewed from the front. Too much or too little chin is considered undesirable, and the head should be proportionate to the rest of the dog. Their eyes are bold and prominent but should not bulge out. The Pug carries a natural expression of intelligence, affection, and curiosity with a hint of mischief.

They may come in silver, apricot-fawn, or black. Their short coat requires minimal grooming, even for show, with just regular nail and whisker trimming. The breed is shown in its natural state. The Pug is an even-tempered, playful breed that is outgoing and self-confident. On the downside, they can be willful and stubborn, so patience and a good sense of humor are essential when training a Pug. They are generally not nervous, make excellent alarm dogs, and love to play.

Like many breeds, the Pug is prone to certain health issues. Due to their very short face, they may struggle with heat and cold weather, so exercise them with care in extreme conditions. This short face can also restrict breathing. While surgery can correct this issue, altering a Pug for show through surgery is prohibited by breed ethics. For pets, this is generally not a major concern.

Their short head also leads to more teeth in a smaller space, so extra attention is required for dental care. The Pug’s head requires regular maintenance due to the folds in the skin. Clean their ears, nose roll, and wrinkles regularly to prevent the buildup of debris and moisture, which can cause irritation and problems. Some Pugs require daily cleaning, while others need less attention—but this is something to keep in mind.

Another potential issue is a type of mite that causes a skin condition known as Cheyletiellosis or Walking Dandruff. If your Pug develops heavy flaky dandruff along the middle of their back and seems extremely itchy, consider having them checked for this condition.

It’s important not to jump to conclusions, though, as similar symptoms can also be caused by mange, allergies, or skin infections—all of which can affect Pugs.

There is also a disease unique to Pugs called Pug Dog Encephalitis (PDE). This serious and fatal inflammatory disease only affects Pugs. Its cause, transmission, and treatment remain unknown, and it can only be diagnosed posthumously through brain tissue from deceased dogs. Researchers at Cornell University and Texas A&M are investigating whether PDE has a genetic component. Symptoms of PDE include seizures, blindness, circling, coma, and death.

Be sure to consult a veterinarian if your dog experiences seizures, as they may not have PDE. Epilepsy can also occur in Pugs and can often be managed with the correct diagnosis.

Older Pugs can also experience a nerve degeneration disorder, which currently doesn’t have a name, and little is known about it. Symptoms may include dragging of the toes, difficulty jumping, an arched back, and incontinence. This condition is progressive, and anti-inflammatory medications don’t seem to help at this stage.

Some eye issues are also worth noting. Pugs can develop corneal ulcers or dry eyes, both of which require veterinary attention. Dystichia and entropion involve the eyelashes or eyelids causing irritation to the eye. Due to the Pug’s prominent eyes, any trauma or damage near the eye can push the eye out of its socket. Though nerves and muscles may still keep it attached, this is a medical emergency and must be treated immediately to have any chance of saving the dog’s eyesight.

Vertebral issues can develop as early as 4-6 months of age, manifesting as an uncoordinated gait. Legg-Perthes is a disease that impedes blood flow to the head of the femur, causing the bone to deteriorate at the pelvis. This condition often develops in the same age range. Luxating patellas are also common, and Pugs are second only to Bulldogs for the prevalence of hip dysplasia.

Yes, there are many health concerns that Pugs face that are beyond our control. However, there is one condition that is within our power to manage: obesity. Limiting your pet’s food intake is one of the best ways you can show your love for them (along with a solid training program!).

The Pug’s primary purpose is to be a companion to humans. Unlike some breeds developed for hunting, herding, or other work, the Pug exists solely to be a companion. That said, they are highly intelligent and trainable. They can excel in obedience and agility, provided their physical limitations are taken into account and they are trained using positive reinforcement. While they exist to please you, harsh training methods can lead to problems, and a lack of discipline can also cause issues. A careful balance is needed with this breed.

As the Pug’s popularity has grown, so has the creation of “Puggles”—a crossbred dog made by mixing a Pug with a Beagle. Some claim that Puggles are healthier due to hybrid vigor, but this is a misconception. Both Pugs and Beagles are prone to similar health issues, such as obesity, epilepsy, and seizures, and crossing them can introduce genetic deficiencies. Additionally, mixing these breeds can cause physical traits and instincts to clash, which can lead to eye injuries from the Pug’s short nose and the Beagle’s tendency to follow scents.

Most breeders of both Pugs and Beagles strongly advise against breeding these two dogs together.

Be prepared for the health issues that can arise when you adopt a Pug. While the worst-case scenarios can sound alarming, they are just that—worst-case situations. Many healthy, happy, and lovable Pugs live long, fulfilling lives. Choose your dog wisely, and be prepared for the responsibilities that come with ownership. Above all, remember that Pugs are companion animals—they were bred to be with you!

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Weimaraner: The Active and Energetic Hunter

The Weimaraner is first and foremost a hunting dog. They won’t enjoy being a 24/7 couch potato, and you may find yourself needing quantity discounts on couches if they get bored! If you’re active and disciplined, this can be an excellent choice. However, if you love to relax and watch TV with your dog, and expect them to be quiet in the house, you might want to consider another breed or find a Weimaraner that aligns more closely with your expectations. This doesn’t mean they’re bad dogs — it just means they’re not the right fit for every home!

This is an often high-energy dog, and if left to their own devices, they will find trouble. One older Weimaraner owner has a “spoiled” dog that many would look at and say, “Oh, I want one of those!” She comes instantly when called, sits when asked, and gets along well with visiting dogs. She’ll alarm bark at a stranger, but once it’s clear that the “friendly” person is there for petting, she relaxes. She even plays with younger dogs and teaches them the ‘rules of the home.’ What people don’t see, though, is the years of consistent training it took to get her to that point. It doesn’t just happen! It also doesn’t show the time she explored the woods outside and became too friendly with a black-and-white furry creature — and was banished from the house for a few days, even after remedies to remove the smell!

Weimaraners can develop bad habits easily due to boredom. They can have a low tolerance for small animals like cats and small dogs. They can also be rambunctious, and a crate is strongly advised to prevent bad habits from forming. Don’t just put them in a crate, though! While you want to keep them from getting into things, you’ll need to keep their minds busy. Toys, large chew bones, and other mental stimulation will keep both the dog and owner happier. They can also be protective of their home more than some retrievers.

The Weimaraner has a distinctive grey coat that makes the breed easily recognizable. These dogs, originally bred for tracking ability, speed, and durability, were once used to hunt bear, big cats, deer, and wolves. As time passed, they evolved into bird dogs. It was due to wartime events that the breed was sent out of their native land to ensure their survival. In 1943, the AKC officially recognized the breed. The Weimaraner experienced a boom in popularity, with numerous bench winners, Best in Shows, and outstanding field dogs through the 1950s. Due to their hunting heritage and short coat, they are low maintenance for grooming.

Possibly due to the breed’s multi-faceted nature, in the ’60s, there was a shift to return to basics. Today, the Weimaraner is once again a popular breed, but there has been an increase in dogs ending up in shelters and rescues, likely from owners not understanding that you cannot simply put a lid on their activity.

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The Rottweiler was developed as a drover to move cattle to market and as a cart dog. From Mastiff type dogs they were developed to herd cattle to the troops trying to conquer Europe. It was centuries later when driving of cattle was outlawed and cart dogs were no longer needed the Rottie was without a ‘job’ and, as a large dog, they had to earn their keep. By the late 1800s the breed was in trouble.

In the early 1900s the Rottweiler found favor as a police dog and by 1921 roughly 3400 dogs were listed among several clubs. In 1931 the breed was admitted to the AKC. They are black with mahogany, rust or tan markings.

The standard calls for a powerful dog with clearly defined rust markings. Males are slightly larger with heavier bone than females, who should be feminine without indication of weakness. Generally the breed is 22-27 inches in height with the males on the larger end, and ideal being mid range. Proportion and balance is important.

A dense, straight medium length coat lying flat with an undercoat present on neck and thighs not to show through the other coat iDue to his development as a drover, he maintains a powerful trot that covers ground efficiently.

Although many areas have enacted breed bans and often any ‘vicious’ dog that is heavy set and black and tan is deemed to be ‘Rottweiler’ due to their development they should be a confident dog that is somewhat aloof, not making immediate friendships. This does not say aggressive! He is an all purpose dog and as such, a good temperament is key. A dog that is overly shy or aggressive is disqualified this is part of the breed standard and anyone breeding for that standard selects not only on conformation but those things inside the dog.

Like all dogs, the Rottweiler can be faced with health issues. As with many deep bodied dogs bloat can be a factor and something you should always keep in mind to attempt to prevent. Abdominal distension can feel like a drum, with restlessness, salivation, gagging or belching that doesn’t produce anything are all signs of bloat and mean IMMEDIATE action. The faster you get the dog to the vet and to surgery the better his chances of survival. Prevention is much better don’t allow your Rottie to overeat, or to exercise just before or after eating. Keep the food time calm.

Other issues that affect Rottweilers include skin issues from allergies to sebaceous cysts, eye issues including cataracts, slipped disc, seizures or epilepsy, Wobbler’s Syndrome, hip or elbow dysplasia, arthritis, back issues, liver disease, cancer, hypothyroidism, cardiomyopathy Von Willebrand’s Disease, vaccine reactions, bladder infections and, for a minority, aggression issues (more towards other dogs than people).

Some of these more serious issues can be found by testing the parents before deciding whether to breed.

It is hard to ignore the repeated stories of ‘Rottweiler attacks’ but not all of the dogs involved are actually Rottweilers. Remember, to some people including authorities any heavy set black and tan dog is a ‘Rottweiler’ and there are thousands of crossbred dogs out there that fit that description.

The Rottweiler needs an owner who is devoted to socializing and training from the first day together. Like any other dog a young Rottweiler needs to learn what is acceptable in our world and we need to understand what, as a dog, is acceptable in his. Any large, powerful breed needs the basics taught by the time they are weaned then continued to be reinforced.

Rottweilers are, according to some, less trainable but often this is due to the owner’s approach more than the dog’s attitude. Imagine for a minute walk down the street and someone comes up and is animated and urgently saying something in German but you don’t speak German. Is he warning you of something, is a friend of his collapsed around the corner and he needs help or is he ready to rob you? Without speaking the language you don’t know. Rottweilers don’t speak English! We can teach them to recognize words but they communicate a totally different way than we do.

What we don’t see and hear in the news reports are the for sure Rottweilers who are hero dogs. For example, when a kidnapping suspect ran from police he happened to run into a stranger’s home. The home he picked had a five year old Rottweiler inside and the suspect was caught.

A Rottweiler named Bella is a certified guide dog. Many are certified therapy dogs. They’re certified search and rescue dogs. Esmonds Sixth Sense CGC is not only certified for wilderness search & rescue but also cadaver detection. Recipient of the ARC Heroism award, Mirko Medallion and Anvil TRUE award, ‘Dugan’ found a missing 22 year old woman in a wooded area hypothermic but alive.

In World War I they’ve been documented as ambulance dogs those dogs trained to find the wounded and ignore all else on a battlefield. They’ve served our military.

Remember when you’re listening to talk about breed bans these are without exception. It includes dogs like Gunner handled by John Randall. A purebred Rottweiler Baron worked the ruins of the Oklahoma City bombing. Gunner worked in the ruins of an F5 tornado in Oklahoma. Then he worked the call that even left the big heart of a Rottweiler hero disheartened he was called to New York City after the 9/11 attacks. He came out of the rubble on breaks and became a therapy dog for the others.

Little is said about dogs like Vito, a K9 officer who served his community with handler Lt. Neal Goodman for 11 years, retired at 13. He was certified by the North American Police Work Dogs Association in obedience, search and aggression, narcotics, patrol and tracking. He completed 75 narcotics searches and found three lost children during his working career. He found a suspect hiding in a tree.

Another K9 handler was shot by an eluding prison escapee. His Rottweiler jumped from the cruiser, deflecting a fatal shot and loss of her partner. She herself was shot three times, with a bullet lodged in her spine, in her chest and the third less than two inches from the heart. Both recovered and retired together.

A pet Rottweiler saved a family when a fire started in an electrical blanket covering a child, allowing the family to escape. Another Rottweiler intercepted the kidnapping of a child, saving the six month old baby from abduction when the would be kidnapper dropped the baby when faced with a dog.

As illustrated by these and other heroes the Rottweiler is a good dog if given proper training and environment to be the best dog he can be. These dogs do not get the credit deserved. Get a good dog, provide training and positive interaction. There is no need to fear a solid dog trained well. He might just save your life.

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Said to date back to North Africa during the time of the Pharaohs but generally credited with being developed in Germany, the Dachshund has long been beloved by both celebrities and ordinary people. They are the smallest of the hunting breeds, developed to follow badgers “to ground,” with the ability to dig out prey and enter their burrows. A vicious animal when cornered, the badger needed an equally courageous dog to successfully unearth it. Dachshunds have also been known to hunt foxes and otters.

The dog originally cast in *The Wizard of Oz* was a miniature Dachshund; however, post-war hostility towards Germany led to Toto being depicted as a Norwich terrier instead. The role of the miniature Dachshund in this classic has long been forgotten. Famous fanciers of the breed include Marlon Brando, Clark Gable, John Wayne, Errol Flynn, Joan Crawford, and others. A Dachshund once made an appearance on *Hogan’s Heroes*. Gary Berghoff, who played “Radar” on the *M*A*S*H* series, is said to have kept one wire-haired, two smooth, and two long-haired Dachshunds.

William Shakespeare is said to have kept a pack of Dachshunds, and William Faulkner and Danielle Steel also owned the breed. From the 14th to the 16th centuries, Dachshunds were kept by Catholic popes as “altar dogs” during ceremonies. George S. Patton, Dwight D. Eisenhower, and Napoleon Bonaparte were among the higher-ranking individuals who owned the breed. Queen Victoria maintained a royal kennel and arranged for a bronze statue of one of her dogs at Windsor Castle.

The name “Dachshund” literally means “badger dog.” They are a fierce hunting breed, very people-oriented, and love to cuddle, yet they absolutely retain the instincts of a hunting dog. Originally, these dogs worked in packs, leading to the development of a highly social hound that generally gets along with other dogs.

Competing in shows, obedience, agility, field trials, and “earth dog” competitions are just some of the activities Dachshunds can engage in beyond being beloved pets. As true scent hounds, they should not be allowed to roam off-leash; the scent of something interesting could lead them into traffic or other hazards that can be fatal.

In the 1930s, they were officially referred to as “badger dogs” to create a verbal distance from their home country of Germany. In the U.S., they rose in popularity to become one of the top ten breeds. Often recognized in popular black and tan or red colors, they can also be found in several other colors, including chocolate and tan, blue and tan, fawn and tan, chocolate, dappled, cream, ‘wild boar,’ wheaten, and blue or black and cream.

According to the Dachshund Club of America, some have even been trained as drug-sniffing dogs, showcasing their sensitive noses. By their definition, the standard Dachshund weighs between 16 and 32 pounds, while the miniature variety weighs 11 pounds and under. For pet dogs or those used for work and performance, slightly exceeding or falling below these weights is of no real importance. Many dogs fall in between—too big for miniature status but not quite large enough for standard status. What to do with a 14-pound Dachshund? Love him!

This makes them an ideal size for small yards and apartments, but one must also keep in mind their original purpose—as hunting hounds! For some individuals, this can mean they are especially eager to “give voice,” which irritated neighbors may label as “excessive barking!” They are said to be ‘stubborn to a fault,’ but they are also very playful and entertaining. While they can be reserved with strangers, they love “their people” and can be curious and mischievous.

There may be some temperament differences between the varieties. One breeder with both sizes and all varieties comments that the smooth variety is the original and tends to be a bit more “in your face” than the others. With spaniels introduced for the long coat, that variety is said to be more laid-back, while the terrier heritage in the wire-haired variety can lead to a boisterous, tough-dog attitude that reflects that terrier influence.

Dachshunds are intelligent dogs but can sometimes be difficult to house train. They generally learn best when properly motivated, using a heavy dose of praise rather than correction. Keeping training fun, along with regular walks and/or playtime and careful monitoring of food intake, leads to a happy, healthy pet.

Health issues are worth noting. The Dachshund, more than many breeds, should be maintained to be fit, not fat. Regulating their food intake helps reduce the chances of back problems that can cripple your dog. Eye problems, epilepsy, IVDD (a spinal disorder), thyroid issues, patellar luxations, and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease can all affect this breed. There are tests that can be done for breeding dogs, as some problems are genetic.

Because of their long backs and short rib cages, and due to differing opinions on whether genetics or management is the cause, preventing back injuries is strongly encouraged. Picking up a Dachshund means supporting them front and back, much like carrying a football. This keeps the dog secure and prevents twisting and thrashing that can lead to injuries. Excessive stairs and jumping are generally not recommended. As with humans, a fit dog is less likely to be injured than one who is overweight or out of shape.

On average, the litter size is about 3-4 for miniatures and 5-7 for standards. Some breeders report that certain lines are prone to needing C-sections for whelping, but generally, there aren’t many problems with whelping Dachshunds. If you are breeding your dogs, this is an important factor to consider; any emergency surgery is not cheap and can be life-threatening if help is needed. It’s also worth noting that they can be very territorial about their puppies when other dogs are present. If you have multiple dogs, especially if one is larger, this warrants attention for the safety and comfort of the Dachshund.

From a conformation show standpoint, the standard of the Dachshund can be found at AKC Dachshund, and it would be repetitive to include it here in detail. While this serves as a guide to the physical standard for showing, dogs competing in earth dog trials and other competitions, or those kept simply as pets, do not need to adhere to perfect conformation.

From a grooming standpoint, the varieties also have some differences. The smooth is the “wash and wear” variety. While all varieties need regular toenail trims, ear cleaning, and basic care, the occasional bath is sufficient for smooth pets; show dogs require the decision of whether to clip the whiskers.

The wire-haired variety should be clipped twice a year—something that should NOT be done for show dogs. Show dogs should have their coats stripped by hand or using a small tool. Stripping essentially involves pulling individual hairs, which retains the coat’s texture and removes dead hairs. This is, from a show standpoint, the highest maintenance coat.

Long-haired pet dogs should have the hair between their pads clipped and the “feathers” thinned for aesthetic appeal. Show dogs may require a flat iron in addition to trimming. The coats of show dogs need special care to condition them and prevent breaking or drying out. Keeping a long-haired show dog takes effort. Of course, pets do not require the same level of maintenance as their show counterparts.

As with other hounds, their ears should be checked and kept clean of excess water and debris to reduce irritation.

Being a smaller dog, with proper care, living to 12-14 years of age isn’t uncommon, and many dogs remain remarkably active. Good care benefits any dog, but the Dachshund is a breed that can easily reach its teenage years.

The Dachshund is a wonderful small dog for the right home. Older children and adults who pay attention to their needs, strengths, and weaknesses—and who have the patience to navigate early training—will have a loving dog that is small in stature but large in heart and personality.

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A cashier at a store was on duty when a beautiful Doberman came in with a customer. The dog had obviously recently been to the veterinarian, with a large, jagged area stitched up. Defying his stereotype, this dog couldn’t have wagged his tail any faster as he sat politely, giving kisses to the stranger before gently taking a cookie. His owner explained the events of the previous night. The dog had woken the family up at 1 a.m., whining anxiously enough to stir the couple — though the children were still asleep. The dog did not normally wake them to go outside, but something was different this time. They opened the door. What followed were growls, screams, and chaos. Although the man was not immediately caught, he surely bore scars, as did the dog. A large meat knife was found, with a trail of blood leading from the kitchen window to the back of the property. One can only assume that someone carrying a 10-12’ knife outside your kitchen window at 1 a.m. isn’t there with positive intentions. Fortunately, the family was safe, and the dog was expected to make a full recovery.

The Protective Instincts of the Doberman Pinscher

Sikasso, a year-old red Doberman, woke his family one night by persistently barking. His mom let him out but then went back to bed. He continued to bark, waking the whole family until someone ventured outside and saw that the attic of the home was on fire. The smoke alarms had not gone off because the fire was above the alarms, but Sikasso instinctively sensed the danger. He was honored with the Everyday Hero Award from the Doberman Pinscher Club.

People often misunderstand the natural guarding ability of breeds like the Doberman, mistaking assertiveness for aggression. There’s no need to make a dog mean; the natural guarding and protection instincts are there. By the standard, Dobermans typically stand 24-26 inches tall for females and 26-28 inches for males. Combining speed, power, athletic abilities, and intelligence, this is a breed that needs consistent training more than many others. Think of the movie K911 and the incredible amount of training and discipline that Zeus, the dog in the film, underwent.

Dogs that are not trained or consistently disciplined can become unruly, further adding to the negative image some people have of the breed.

According to the breed standard, the allowed colors for Dobermans are black, red, blue, and fawn, with rust markings above each eye, on the muzzle, throat, front of the chest, and on all legs and feet, as well as below the tail. A very small white patch under half an inch square is permissible, but other colors, including all-white Dobermans, are not.

Dobermans have long been among man’s closest working allies. They’ve served in the military, worked as search dogs to check vehicles at borders, and served as service dogs. They’ve protected millions of homes and families without incident and have been used as seizure-alert dogs, therapy dogs, search and rescue dogs, and even guide dogs for the blind.

During World War II, seven Marine war dog platoons were trained at Camp Lejeune. These dogs served alongside soldiers, and by the war’s end, 1,047 canine heroes served as “Devil Dogs,” with 29 of them giving their lives for their country. Snipers, aware of the value these dogs provided, would often target them. The War Dog Cemetery at the U.S. Naval Base in Guam features a life-sized bronze statue of a Doberman, “Always Faithful,” as a tribute to these heroes and their handlers.

Dobermans are often able to thwart a problem before it happens. For instance, a young woman was walking across a parking lot at a grocery store when a man approached her, asking for directions. He reached for the door of her truck as her Doberman stood up in the back and effectively changed the man’s mind about approaching his owner.

This is a breed that is smart enough to be whatever you want it to be, whether good or bad. Dogs don’t differentiate between the two — humans must. The dog pays with its life when humans mishandle it or fail to provide the training needed for survival in our world.

Some breeders have bred smaller breeds down to minimum sizes, while others have produced “extra-large” Dobermans. The downside to this is that the Doberman is an athletic dog, and as size increases, the athletic qualities often decrease, making these dogs less than ideal overall. Additionally, some have bred “rare” white Dobermans, but these dogs are not eligible for AKC registration, as they do not meet the breed standard.

Due to their heritage of training and willingness to serve, Dobermans can be high-drive dogs that are active and easily bored. They require plenty of exercise and consistent training to become wonderful, naturally protective, but not vicious dogs. The best protection animals are those that are trained — a dog is not an effective protector if it’s not biddable and under control, and those qualities don’t develop without training.

There’s no need to produce or maintain a dog with a bad attitude, and creating such an animal is highly irresponsible. Unfortunately, because of a few individuals who have mishandled the breed, the majority of Dobermans suffer from breed bias, bans in many areas, insurance hassles for their owners, and other issues, despite doing nothing but being true to their breed.

These dogs are best suited as part of a family. If isolated or simply cast off to a kennel, an intelligent dog becomes a bored dog. Moreover, it’s impossible for the dog to bond with your family and protect them if he’s removed from the situation. Many Dobermans love having their own space within the home — a crate in a quiet corner, for example, where they can retreat on their own.

Before getting a Doberman, research the health issues that can occur with some individuals of the breed. Many of these issues can be avoided with testing and evaluation. Hip Dysplasia, eye disease, and congenital heart disease are some of the major health concerns that affect the breed. These can be cleared before breeding, and individuals that don’t pass clearances should not be bred. Autoimmune thyroiditis and von Willebrand’s Disease are also concerns.

Understanding and bringing out the good in these dogs rewards you with a gentle companion that will, without hesitation, lay down his life for you. But sometimes, even dogs need second chances.

Cota fell into the hands of people who didn’t understand the Doberman nature and spent most of his days in a crate. An active, intelligent dog became frustrated, unruly, and unstable. At a year old, he had been in his third home and was even afraid of toys. He needed an attitude adjustment and was possibly one that many would give up on. Today, at 7 years old, he is a certified wilderness search dog with the North American Police Work Dog Association and a Delta Society Therapy dog.

Give the breed a chance, and in the right hands, they will steal your heart and hand you theirs.

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This breed was selectively bred down to be a “toy bulldog” for companion use. In the 19th century, lace makers began the breed, and when they were displaced to France, they brought their dogs with them. The breed became very popular in France, and in the late 1800s, they were named French Bulldogs. They are a member of the AKC non-sporting group and must weigh less than 28 pounds.

The French Bulldog’s Unique Characteristics

Although they were bred as companion dogs, many of the little bulldogs in their history were quite useful as ratters in farming communities. Some historians believe the Pug had an influence on the breed, but there is a lack of records to back this up.

They were bred for companionship, making them a small, short-coated dog with distinctive “bat” ears. They are active little dogs that don’t miss much of what happens in their world. Due to their selective development, they are primarily indoor companion dogs. They should be well-balanced, with the distance from the ground to the withers being the same as from the withers to the base of the tail. Their bulldog ancestry gives them a muscular, heavy-boned appearance despite their small size.

With a large, square head and eyes wide apart, set low on the skull, the eyes should neither protrude nor sink in. The bone and muscle structure gives them a “big dog” look despite their small stature.

They can be brindle, fawn, white, or brindle with white. Solid black, without any trace of brindle, is a disqualification, as are liver, black and tan, and black and white. Although these dogs may still have the wonderful character of a French Bulldog, they do not meet the standard for showing.

Due to their alert nature, French Bulldogs make good watch dogs, but they are not necessarily good guard dogs. They will let you know someone is there, but after being bred as companions for so long, they should not be aggressive.

Catching the eye of Americans, French Bulldogs became the rage of society. In 1898, they became the first breed to have a specialty show at the Waldorf-Astoria. It is said that a French Bulldog was among the “passengers” on the Titanic. Many French Bulldogs were brought to America and gained immense popularity.

Originally, due to their bulldog ancestors, the breed had some dogs born with bat ears and others with rose ears, which resembled more of a bulldog’s ear. Americans preferred the bat ear as the hallmark of the breed. In 1897, an English judge chose the bat ear as the preferred ear type for the breed. This led to the formation of the first French Bulldog club in the world, and a breed standard was drawn up, which is essentially the same today, emphasizing the bat ears.

As pets, French Bulldogs are often described as “clowns in a dog suit.” They are naturally willing to please and enjoy being with people. Due to their facial structure, they should not be exercised in extreme weather. Hot, humid, or cold weather can interfere with their health. Many cannot swim, and they are not outdoor dogs. They can snore, drool, and sometimes wheeze, but they are companion dogs through and through.

There are health concerns to consider. Some of these include elongated soft palates, intervertebral disc degeneration, and hemivertebrae. Cataracts and deafness can also be factors. Sensitivity to anesthesia and Ace Promazine is also important to note.

Like other flat-faced breeds, stenotic nares (an obstruction in the airway) can be a concern. French Bulldogs can be more sensitive to heat extremes, so extra care must be taken in areas with extreme weather.

Some French Bulldogs may have Von Willebrand’s disease, a bleeding disorder that slows clotting. Thyroid disorders aren’t uncommon either. Due to the breed’s development from small bulldogs, chondrodysplasia (dwarfism) is possible. Spinal and back diseases may also occur, so these should be kept in mind when owning one of these dogs.

Breeding French Bulldogs can be costly. In addition to testing for genetic markers for hereditary diseases, some dogs require breeders to artificially inseminate the female. Once bred, frequently, C-sections are needed due to the large heads of the puppies. These issues make breeding French Bulldogs an expensive proposition, with little chance for profit if you intend to raise them as a business.

Caring for a French Bulldog

Another consideration in caring for a French Bulldog is due to their head and mouth structure. Their teeth have less room compared to a breed with a longer muzzle, such as a Beagle. The same number of teeth in a smaller space may increase dental care needs. Dental issues can cause further health problems, so prevention is key—especially since French Bulldogs are sensitive to anesthetics. The use of appropriate chew toys and recreational bones can help naturally maintain a healthy mouth without stressing the dog.

As pets, French Bulldogs are extremely loyal, sometimes becoming so attached to their owner that they may become defensive about other pets or people approaching. Coupled with their intelligence, this behavior should be managed and not allowed to become a bad habit. Although the breed is sweet-natured, they can change with their environment and training, so it’s important to teach them good behavior from the start.

Due to potential breathing issues, it’s wise to avoid using a harness or any type of choke collar on your French Bulldog. Teaching them to walk properly on a leash will make it easier for them to breathe and will keep them more comfortable.

French Bulldogs make excellent companion dogs—a role they have filled through selective breeding for over 150 years. This breed is an incredible pet for a dedicated owner. They were specifically developed as companion dogs, much like herding dogs excel in their roles. Finding the right individual within the breed is key, and if you’re looking for a pet, don’t overlook those “off-color” dogs. It doesn’t take a show dog to be a fantastic pet.

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Mach# Lord Peter of Bristol Court first gathered attention as the first Pom to be a flyball champion and the first Toy of any breed to get a champion title in flyball. He also holds titles in Agility.

The Achievements of Poms in Various Disciplines

Not to be outdone, several Poms have earned Rally Novice titles. Rhett Butler CDX RA (Advanced!) and Janesa’s Tiffany is an Angel earned Rally Excellent and Rally Advanced Excellent titles. The crowning moment came with another long name: CH Extane Haleigh’s Fire Dream CD, RN, NA, NAJ, CGC. These titles are not only in conformation but also in obedience, agility, and rally. Who says pretty dogs can’t do anything else?!

These dogs have shown the trainability and intelligence of the Pomeranian, setting the bar high. There is no reason for an ill-tempered, untrained Pomeranian except for the lack of time and attention from the owner.

The Pomeranian was bred down from Spitz dogs that served as sled dogs in Iceland and Lapland. The larger ancestors were capable herding dogs with sheep flocks and weighed around 30 pounds. In 1888, Queen Victoria of England received a gift of a Pom, and the trend toward smaller Poms began. In the late 1800s, they became known in the USA and were admitted to the AKC in the Miscellaneous class, not gaining their regular classification until 1900.

Today, the breed is bred with more coat than it had 100 years ago, and they possess a happy, playful, and sometimes stubborn nature. This intelligence, if unchecked, means they can easily see themselves as the top pack member. This creates a situation at odds with their small physical size, which not only makes them prone to becoming dominant and unpleasant little monsters but also may provoke a fight with larger dogs, which they will lose. As many Pomeranians have shown, they ARE trainable!

By the standard, the Pomeranian is a small dog, weighing between 3-7 pounds, with an ideal range of 4-6 pounds. Their short back should be slightly shorter than from ground to withers. The head should be balanced with the body, with a short, straight muzzle.

The crowning glory of the breed is its beautiful coat. Despite their size, they have a double coat— a soft, dense undercoat and a longer, harsher, straight outer coat. The coat may be heavier around the neck and front of the shoulders, with well-feathered legs and long hair on the tail, which can be trimmed for neatness.

A wide range of acceptable colors includes red, orange, cream, sable, black, brown, blue, white, black and tan, and blue merle, among others. The natural attitude should be outgoing, highly intelligent, and spirited.

Unless you are keeping a show dog, there is no need to maintain one in a show coat. Regular, thorough brushing will prevent tangles from becoming matted messes. Regular nail trimming is also needed, and sometimes trimming around the anus, as well as the heavy fur between their pads, can help keep your Pomeranian comfortable.

Pay attention to dental care. If you don’t feed a raw diet, make sure your Pomeranian’s teeth receive regular care not only to prolong life but to prevent other issues that can arise from poor dental hygiene.

For their own protection, you should never let your Pom run loose. They simply don’t understand the dangers of cars, larger animals, and other hazards. Compounding the issue is their small size, which means they may not be visible until it’s too late. Due to their small size, don’t overfeed them— a fat pet is not healthy and can exacerbate other issues.

The breed does have some issues with patella luxation, and it is important to understand that the legs of toy dogs mean jumping from higher distances can result in broken bones. Like many toy dogs, they can also be affected by a collapsed trachea. Coat loss issues, hypothyroidism, Cushing’s disease, entropion, Perthes disease, and fungal infections can affect individuals in the breed.

Health Concerns to Watch For
Like several small breeds, owners should be particularly aware of seizures and hypoglycemia, especially in young Pomeranians and the very small ones. These dogs should be fed several times per day to keep their blood sugar levels steady and prevent “crashes.” Keeping honey or Karo syrup on hand can help stabilize a puppy or dog that does experience a crash faster than you can get to a vet, but don’t rely on just this any time there is a seizure.

Several health issues can be addressed with genetic testing. Keep in mind that crossbred Pomeranians often do not undergo these tests, nor do they know what genetic issues may be present that do not show up immediately. Remember the standard weight of 3-7 pounds— anyone advertising “teacup” or mini Poms is not breeding within that standard. Like other breeds plagued by the ‘teacup’ trend, these tiny dogs often have increased health problems because of their size.

Before breeding your Pomeranian, be aware of these issues. Be prepared for the possibility of needing a C-section to deliver the pups, and if these two things don’t discourage you, ensure that your Pom is a superior example of the breed. What will your Pomeranian contribute to the breed?

This is a breed that can live well into their middle teens with good care. These are truly little dogs that require a lifetime commitment. If not socialized and trained, they can be barky and will take charge if you don’t. This doesn’t mean treating your Pomeranian cruelly. It means setting rules and not accepting refusals. This can be anything from sleeping on the bed to protecting food, which can escalate to aggression if left unchecked. If it wouldn’t be funny when a Great Dane does it, then it’s equally not funny when a Pomeranian does it.

Training and grooming requirements are perhaps the two biggest issues you will need to confront. If you’re a hands-on type of dog owner who doesn’t mind brushing your dog a few times per week as a “day’s end” routine, you may well LOVE having a Pom in your home.

If you are not prepared for this and unwilling to adapt to the fragile nature and sometimes stubbornness that the breed can show, save yourself and your dog much unhappiness and consider another breed. These are wonderful dogs that can accomplish much in the right hands, but they are not a breed for everyone. Give an honest evaluation of your needs and personality, and find a dog breed and individual that fits that, not the other way around. Expecting the dog to conform to you will more often than not result in a battle, and the dog will lose.

Keep in mind that with an upper size limit, there may be wonderful pets available that are just over the size limit.

Find the right dog for you, and prepare to enjoy a pet that is lively and challenging every step of the way! Those are often the best dogs to have!

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While individuals may vary, it’s important to remember that, as a spaniel, this breed has a strong working heritage. Officially, they come in four colors: red and white, tricolor, ruby, and black and tan. The ruby is a solid red, while the black and tan has a “Doberman paint job”—both of these have no white markings.

Dating back to the early 1600s, the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel was bred as a house pet, but with the spaniel’s exuberance for chasing anything that moves. It’s believed they were bred down from hunting spaniels to create a toy dog, which was recorded during the reign of England’s Charles II. When the House of Stuart fell, the breed became rare, with the Tudors favoring the Pug. Political changes nearly led to the breed’s extinction, but Queen Victoria helped bring them back—although changed from their earlier form.

Due to this background, the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is not a breed that thrives as an outdoor kennel dog. They are “people dogs” and want to be with their family, more so than many other breeds.

Temperament and Care

The spaniel heritage also brings a generally great temperament, ease of training, and a tendency to get along well with other dogs. They are smart little dogs, and like many intelligent breeds, this can lead to some creative entertainment if they don’t receive consistent guidance and training.

Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are happiest with regular exercise. Although they have a long coat, it’s silky, so regular brushing will keep it in good condition. From a training standpoint, the spaniel heritage also means they have a strong instinct to chase anything that moves. Never leave your Cavalier King Charles Spaniel loose—they do not recognize boundaries and can easily get into trouble chasing something fun.

Health Issues to Watch For

There are some health concerns to be aware of, one of the most significant being Mitral Valve Disease (MVD). This heart condition leads to congestive heart failure, and unfortunately, there is no cure. Testing the parents of potential puppies is essential. While many toy breeds are affected by MVD, it tends to strike early and progress quickly in Cavaliers.

Maintaining the health of a dog with MVD requires attention to detail, including regular heart checkups and careful dental care. Poor dental hygiene can lead to infections and other problems. Since the heart is already compromised, keeping infections at bay is crucial. Keeping your Cavalier King Charles Spaniel at a healthy weight and balancing exercise with avoiding over-stressing the heart is key. With proper care, dogs with MVD can live 8-10 years, but the disease certainly shortens their lifespan.

Another health concern is luxating patella, a condition in which the knee joint is unstable, causing lameness. Choosing dogs with strong bone structures and healthy parents reduces the chances of encountering this issue.

There are also several eye diseases that can affect Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, including cataracts, retinal dysplasia, and cherry eye. Testing for these conditions is recommended, especially if you’re breeding the dog.

An inherited condition called Syringomyelia (SM) is a progressive neurological disease that affects Cavaliers more than other breeds. It can occur in all colors and both sexes and usually presents between 6 months and 3 years of age, although it can appear as late as 10 years. SM develops when there isn’t enough room in the skull for the back part of the brain, which forces the fluid surrounding the brain through a smaller-than-normal opening to the spinal cord. One of the major signs is excessive scratching at the neck, especially when the dog is excited or on a leash. Unfortunately, this condition is often misdiagnosed as allergies, fleas, or skin irritations. Some dogs may also show symptoms like whining or yelping for no apparent reason, weakness, lack of coordination, lameness, or obsessive licking of the feet.

Cavalier King Charles Spaniels typically live between 9-14 years. Regular walks help keep them from gaining excess weight and provide an outlet for their energy, reducing the likelihood of “bad behavior” caused by boredom.

Regular grooming is necessary but not time-consuming if done regularly. Use a comb or bristle brush to care for the feathered hair on the ears, legs, and body. Trim the hair between the pads of the feet. Like all breeds, clean the ears when needed and make sure to dry them thoroughly after bathing to prevent infections caused by moisture.

Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are not your typical toy dog. In fact, according to the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club USA, 14 dogs since 1977 have earned their AKC Tracking Dog titles! They also excel in obedience and agility competitions, offering an outlet for both the mind and body. This breed’s competitive spirit isn’t limited to conformation shows—it’s based on performance, not appearance. Additionally, those interested in water competitions can find an outlet in DockDog events.

For those looking to pursue a show career, there is a greater emphasis on appearance. However, the Cavalier’s happy, free-moving attitude is an essential part of their charm, and their natural appearance eliminates the need for “sculpting” a dog to win.

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